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Drawing on four years of implementation across Iraq, Nigeria, Somalia, Yemen and the Bay of Bengal, this paper sets out what integrated climate, environment, peace and security (CEPS) programming can deliver and how it can be achieved in practice.

This impact synthesis draws on outcome harvesting over the 2022–2026 project period to assess how research, dialogue and mediation have strengthened Iraqi capacities to address the climate-conflict nexus.

This impact synthesis draws on an outcome evaluation of the Bay of Bengal Maritime Dialogue (2022–2026) to assess how structured regional dialogue has advanced maritime security, environmental protection and conflict prevention.

This impact synthesis draws on an outcome evaluation of the project Infrastructures for Peace and Environmental Peacebuilding in Hirshabelle and Galmudug States (2023–2026) to assess how integrating climate and environmental concerns into dialogue and mediation has supported conflict transformation.

This impact synthesis draws on an outcome evaluation of the project Multi-Level Approaches to Sustainable Peace in Nigeria's Middle Belt (2022–2026) to assess how climate-sensitive peace agreements have reduced conflict across Benue, Nasarawa, Plateau and Taraba states.

This impact synthesis draws on an evaluation of the Environmental Pathways for Reconciliation (EPfR) project (late 2022 to September 2026) to assess how environmental and climate security concerns can serve as an entry point for conflict resolution and reconciliation.

This paper distils how climate and environmental pressures interact with conflict dynamics and how climate change compounds pre-existing vulnerabilities and fragility in which NSAGs proliferate, how armed groups actively exploit climate-driven hardship to recruit and retain members and more.