The Weathering Risk Peace Pillar

Iraq is one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. For decades, the country has also experienced ongoing conflict including from the war and its’ legacy, ISIS, and internally disputed territories, among others. Against the backdrop of repeated cycles of intense violent conflict and insecurity, there is an acute risk that conflict dynamics will worsen as the impacts of climate change become more severe. Combined, these trends will continue to undermine the Iraqi population’s ability to build climate resilience. Working in nine districts across five governorates, this project ultimately aims to strengthen Iraqi capacities to respond to climate risks and their impact on conflict dynamics. Together with the local partner organisation Peace Paradigms Organisation (PPO), Berghof conducts extensive research to identify and analyse the impact of climate change on local conflict dynamics. This knowledge will be used as a starting point for climate-informed peace-building interventions, focusing on conflict-sensitive climate adaptation and climate-focused mediation.

Since 2014, the Yemeni people have been experiencing a ravaging civil war which is affecting their lives at the most basic level. Scarcity of water and food insecurity are ubiquitous across the country, along with other environment-related challenges. Yemen´s security and environmental crisis is worsening with climate change, which causes drier seasons and more frequent extreme weather events such as flash floods. Environmental challenges underpin livelihoods, interact with conflict dynamics, and therefore need to be part of the search for peace. Environmental Pathways for Reconciliation builds on an existing engagement that focuses on voicing the needs and priorities of Yemenis. It was established to support civil society to address risks related to climate, environment, and conflict. The initiative aims to support a platform for local communities to express their concerns around the challenges and opportunities of environmental conditions and climate change to help integrate them into the peace process. The project runs along four components: strengthening the Platform by building the capacity of local staff and coordinators, conducting structured consultations with Yemeni people across the country, facilitating engagement on environmental issues through the platform, and building an evidence base for the climate-conflict nexus in Yemen to be shared with local and international stakeholders.

Somalia’s rainy season in 2022 was the driest in seven decades, and conflict has been exacerbated as vital resources have grown scarcer. Currently, there are just under three million Internally Displaced Persons in Somalia, many of whom are facing acute food and other insecurities in growing camps, particularly in Mogadishu. Meanwhile, tens of thousands fled to neighbouring Kenya in 2022, adding pressure to already strained resources. Somalia is an archetype of compound climate security threats, with disaster risk, protracted conflict, and severe climate change vulnerability combining to destabilise the region. Building on previous projects in the region, Infrastructures for peace and environmental peacebuilding will contribute to the constructive transformation of cycles of conflict, climate change, and environmental degradation. The project is being carried out in the states of Hirshabelle and Galmudug, developing inclusive and climate conscious strategies to address these challenges. The project aims to strengthen community resilience, support conflict transformation in areas most affected by protracted violence, and strengthen the capacity of both formal and informal institutions to perform environmentally-informed peacebuilding roles. 

Farmer-herder disputes over natural resources have led to violence which saw thousands killed in Nigeria in recent years. Natural disasters and inhospitable conditions have displaced additional hundreds of thousands. The effects of climate change are particularly acute in the Middle Belt, known as the “breadbasket” of Nigeria. This project conducts dialogue and mediation at multiple levels, with a special focus on environmental peace-making capacity building. Track 3 dialogues are instigated with key stakeholders to the conflict, in addition to track 1.5 dialogue between communities. Building trust and confidence is a priority, with the ultimate aim of improving resource sharing through dialogue and reducing the potential for conflict.

Environmental degradation, depleting fish stocks, and climate change are severely impacting the Bay of Bengal. A high dependency on the marine environment of the Bay, one of the most densely populated regions of the world, is posing a serious threat to the littoral states in terms of food security, livelihoods and economic development. With regressing resource availability leading to tensions in the Bay of Bengal this dialogue project aims to prevent the escalation of conflict over marine resources in the region. The project will set up and facilitate spaces for dialogue between affected parties, building a mechanism to manage disputes that arise. Confidence-building measures and standard operating principles will be adopted by littoral states with engagement from the governments of India, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia.